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Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #Hypotonic #Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... for Treatment of ... Hyponatremic Encephalopathy ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... #Hypertonic #Saline
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... saline administration ... glucosuria Low Urine
Treatment of Hyperkalemia
Membrane Stabilization
 • Calcium Gluconate (10%)
 • Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline
Shifters:
 • Insulin (Short
Treatment of Hyperkalemia ... Gluconate (10%) • Hypertonic ... (3%) Normal Saline ... Furosemide • Sodium ... Interventions #Table
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
work through a physiologic ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... Measure urine osmolality ... syndrome. 3% saline ... management #nephrology #sodium
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Hypertonic Saline ... give specific treatment ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... Redistribution Treatments ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic