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Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... can be high or low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... • Burns • ICU
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... • Euvolemia: SIADH ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... doses - consider ITU ... • IF SIADH — ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
release of anti-diuretic ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low ... Measured urine sodium ... EBV #potomania #SIADH
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Na delivery): CHF ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
urine output. ... the determined cause ... #table #foamed ... #heartfailure #chf ... #criticalcare #icu