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nephrology diagnosis management differential hyperkalemia hypotonic physiologic polydipsia potassium table volume
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
uric acid <4 • SIADH ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... can be high or low ... water intake (Primary
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... Solute Intake - Primary ... , SSRIs) - SIADH ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Primary Polydipsia Definition: Excessive volitional water intake Epidemiology: • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
dysfunction - K+ ... Pseudohyponatremia, SIADH ... intoxication Initial Workup ... Osm, Serum Sodium ... , Urine Sodium
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
include pain, primary ... promoting passive sodium ... Saline: • If Urine ... #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Euvolemia: SIADH ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Treat underlying cause ... Primary lung pathology ... promoting passive sodium ... #Management #hyponatremia
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... • IF SIADH — ... look for cause ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... 3 questions to work ... Measure urine osmolality ... include vaptans (HF ... management #nephrology #sodium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Na delivery): CHF ... reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low
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