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diagnosis nephrology differential management hypernatremia causes chf heartfailure pathophysiology table adh cerebral chloride clinical comparison congestive criticalcare ebv foamed gitelman
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... #Diuretic #Diuresis ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction SIADH - Fluid restriction - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... Fluid restriction SIADH ... consider adding loop diuretic ... -> free water diuresis ... #Treatment #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) ... Check Urine Osmolality ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... (diuretics, mineralocorticoid ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Salt Wasting vs SIADH ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... ) Naturiesis → diuresis ... → Increased urine ... diagnosis #nephrology #hyponatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... OFF (UNa > 30): SIADH ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... sodium is typically ... the excretion of sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... glucosuria Low Urine
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy 1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment ... of Hyponatremic ... Increase in sodium ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... of a free water diuresis
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