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nephrology diagnosis differential hypernatremia table achalasia diuresis diuretics esophageal esophagus excretion gastroenterology hypertonic hypotonic lazy low medications oncology pharmacology physiologic
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... uric acid <4 • SIADH ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Primary Polydipsia Definition: Excessive volitional water intake Epidemiology: • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
hypothalamic thirst center ... Pseudohyponatremia, SIADH ... Osm, Serum Sodium ... , Urine Sodium ... Polydipsia #diagnosis #management
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... kg • Diabetes Insipidus ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... Solute Intake - Primary ... , SSRIs) - SIADH ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... include pain, primary ... promoting passive sodium ... Saline: • If Urine ... #Management #hyponatremia
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... , Renal Sodium loss ... water intake (Primary
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Treat underlying cause ... Primary lung pathology ... promoting passive sodium ... #Management #hyponatremia
A lazy man's classification of hyponatremia There are two possible approaches to the diagnosis of hyponatremia: .
serum osmolality, urine ... osmolality and urinary ... sodium). ... the patient has SIADH ... #Algorithm #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Diagnosis is primarily ... DI; high dilute urine ... post-obstructive 3) Diabetes Insipidus ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
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