13 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... 3) Urine Sodium ... Uric Acid → SIADH ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Diabetes Insipidus ... history Step #2 ... #Sodium #nephrology ... #insipidus #DI
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... uric acid <4 • SIADH ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... kg • Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Euvolemic: Diabetes insipidus ... #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... , Renal Sodium loss ... can be high or low ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
osm (in DI; high ... dilute urine output ... water unavailable 2) ... post-obstructive 3) Diabetes Insipidus ... #nephrology #sodium
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
occurs in only 2- ... : Diabetes Insipidus ... Pseudohyponatremia, SIADH ... Osm, Serum Sodium ... , Urine Sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Euvolemia: SIADH ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low