76 results
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
- PRA, PAC • Renal ... artery stenosis - Renal ... fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... cortisol. 24-h urine ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... blood culture, urine ... syndrome: troponin
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... losses • Urine ... Na >30: Renal losses ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... : Renal failure
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... , Liddle syndrome
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... , Liddle syndrome
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Hematuria in Post-Renal ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... #Hematuria #Renal ... kidney #blood #urine ... #management #treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
iniury, Compartment syndrome ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... oxidative iniury Treatment ... hour with goal urine ... Summary #causes #treatment
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
ultrasound, Tests ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... test (with 24-h urine ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Overfill (Increased renal ... sodium retention, Urine ... • Nephrotic Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome