23 results
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
of Glomerular Diseases ... • Breaks in GBM ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... spectrum #diagnosis #nephrology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Syphilis, Lyme disease ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Fabry's disease ... Willis via UNC IM ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
intrinsic renal disease ... prostatic) #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
and interstitial disease ... GBM, Glomerular ... Causes #Sites #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
Immune-complex disease ... , Anti-GBM • Tubular ... Bilateral ureteral disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
selected glomerular diseases ... Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM ... Electron Microscopy (EM ... RPGN • Anti-GBM ... #nephrology #pathology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
of glomerular disease ... Basement Membrane (GBM ... Linear, ribbon-like GBM ... staining on IF • No EM ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... syndrome—due to GBM ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... lymphoproliferative disease ... • Metastatic disease ... demyelinating diseases ... causes #radiology #neurology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Peripheral edema, Disease-specific ... vasculitis, Behcet disease ... Goodpasture's Disease ... anti-ANCA ab, anti-GBM ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology