13 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #sodium #low ... #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
priapism • Lab values ... sudden death • Lab values ... Elevated uric acid ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... calcium • Treatment
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
and Treatment ... 3 questions to work ... Treatment: Treatment ... demyelination syndrome ... #management #nephrology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Pinpoint-sized red spots ... vitamin B12 or folic acid ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... Workup: • Complete
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
• Weakness: Starts ... /constipation, hyponatremia ... Treatment: • Plasmapheresis ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... • Hyponatremia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... And BMP Normal Values ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
which all carry treatment ... mobilizes fatty acids ... hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... both conditions, low
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
Acute Retroviral Syndrome ... an HIV Nucleic Acid ... Phase: • The short ... antibody test) Treatment ... : • ART to slow