13 results
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... • Inflammatory disease ... Urethral stricture/valves ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Renal ultrasound ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... ; MRA; abdominal ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... /vomiting • Abdominal ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
or metastatic disease ... ) w/ anorexia, abdominal ... A STIM test can ... ACTH STIM TEST: ... #Management #Endocrinology
Ascites - Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
The most common causes: cirrhosis, malignancy and heart failure. Approx
The most common causes ... more than one cause ... auscultatory percussion, abdominal ... of underlying disease ... 3) Optional tests
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal ... distention • Abdominal ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
radiation dose Ultrasound ... of flank or abdominal ... retroperitoneal disease ... MRI - Limited value ... for non-calculus causes
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential Diagnosis ... to bolus these values ... presentations and disease ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... tests before beginning
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
And BMP Normal Values ... - Differential Diagnosis ... /Chronic renal failure ... restrictive lung disease ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... previously stable values ... papilledema, heart failure ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal disease