14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
: • Normal Acid-Base ... acidosis: Gl tract ... : • Metabolic ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... gap metabolic acidosis ... metabolic acidosis ... acidosis, a high ... of sodium and potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes ... of High-anion Gap ... Distal (classic) ... Potassium-sparing
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... : • High Blood ... consumption • Low/Normal ... acidosis: Proximal
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Metabolic Acidosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Anion Gap ... Negative U net charge High ... Cell Problem - High
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Villous adenoma - Losses ... #Metabolic #NAGMA
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... development of metabolic ... Hyperchloremia nonanion gap metabolic ... shift • Saline Causes ... densa receives high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #potassium #high
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Loss of sodium/Potassium ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... acidosis - Rhabdomyolysis ... - Core temp normal ... High body temperatures