12 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Kidney #Stones ... #Crystals #Types ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... and 2, but not type ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
of stones: • Urinary ... solubility: • Low ... Hypocitraturia • RTA Type ... Medullary sponge kidney ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriately Low ... Kidney Phosphate ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... #nephrology #phosphorus
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... differentiating kidney ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... water intake (Primary ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes of Kidney ... Calcium Oxalate: Primary ... 1-4, Lowe Syndrome ... Metabolic #Causes #Kidney ... Stones #pediatrics #nephrology
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
anti-Smith Ab, low ... Skin Disease Classification ... Kikuchi disease • Type-I ... the context of primary ... , lymphopenia, low
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... Primary adrenal ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... High #Potassium #Classification