8 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... urine sediment, urinary ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... Urine #Microscopy #Urinary ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
starts by measuring urinary ... either secondary or primary ... tubular acidosis (type ... Gitelman's syndrome • Primary ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... Renin High: • Primary ... l/type 2 • Type ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... tubular acidosis (Types ... and 2, but not type ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... differentiating kidney ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... Chloride Algorithm ... of sodium and potassium ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Urinary ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of stones: • Urinary ... Hypocitraturia • RTA Type ... Medullary sponge kidney ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... Primary adrenal ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification