14 results
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute ... Surgical Rx: • ACUTE ... protein - Low ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... to diarrhea, a high ... Urine chloride is high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Renal tubular acidosis ... amino acids in kidney ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... #Types #Renal #stones ... #differential #
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
) - Differential ... 4: Hyperkalemic ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Renal failure (acute ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
and necrosis in states ... such as acute pancreatitis ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... decreased renal blood flow
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Stones in Children ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... #Stones #pediatrics ... #nephrology #differential