13 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased ... excretion • Acute ... renal failure • Chronic ... #nephrology #potassium ... #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... GI loss) - VARUN ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... and chronic) Causes ... Potassium-sparing ... loads (ammonium chloride ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Liver Failure • Hypercalcemia ... Epstein-Barr Virus ... Pulmonary Disease Neurologic
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... of Acute and Chronic ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... #Acute #Chronic ... #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... reversal of chronic ... dehydrogenase activity: Chronic ... other • Severe potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Supplement: • Potassium
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... Chloride Intoxication ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #nephrology