28 results
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... complications of HIV ... Infectious (syphilis, HIV-associated ... neurocognitive disease
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
initial phase of the disease ... untreated Wernicke Encephalopathy ... factors of Wernicke Encephalopathy ... Treatment: Supportive ... #neurology #diagnosis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Treatment
Blood pressure control:
 • Aim for 10-25% BP reduction within
Syndrome (PRES) ... - Treatment Blood ... Easily titratable IV ... #Syndrome #Treatment ... #Management #Neurology
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
Acute Retroviral Syndrome ... Acute Retroviral Syndrome ... Fever (75%) • Encephalopathy ... antibody test) Treatment ... disease progression
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Antimicrobial treatment ... Demyelinating disease ... rapidly progressive encephalopathy ... encephalopathy ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
and less common diseases ... diagnosis and treatment ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... infections • Lyme disease ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Infectious Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency
Anatomical distribution of vessels to the adrenal makes the gland prone to
disseminated microbial disease ... Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome ... canimorsus • Virus ... : HIV (Predisposing ... endocrinology #infectiousdiseases
AIDS-defining illnesses
 - Candidiasis of the esophagus, bronchi, trachea, or lungs [(but NOT the mouth (thrush)]
Cytomegalovirus disease ... of vision) - Encephalopathy ... , HIV related ... brain - Wasting syndrome ... #InfectiousDiseases
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
to infections (HPV ... , Busulfan • Disease ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... urine #management #treatment ... #nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
Encephalopathy ... The clinical syndrome ... Treatment: • HAART ... treatment • Cognitive ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology