20 results
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
retraction (Collier's sign ... → "setting sun sign ... " - Vascular disease ... #diagnosis #pineal ... #neurology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... retraction (Collier's sign ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... #neurology #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... Diagnosis Baseline ... clinical context and signs ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm True ... symptoms/signs, ... Glomus Tumors - Vascular ... #Algorithm #Causes
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
and workup ... 1) Clinical diagnosis ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... (parkinsonian signs ... Frontal atrophy Vascular
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Appropriately ... Carboxymaltose, CAR-T ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Algorithm Red ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... • Meningeal signs ... Systemic symptoms and signs ... #Algorithm #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... injury, often from vascular ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Causes: • Vascular
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs ... of CXR congestion