32 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
— scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... tissue damage - CXR ... involvement - CT
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
trabecular thinning -> Avascular ... Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Intraoperative Circulatory Embolus - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Causes: thrombus, fat, amniotic fluid, air/gas.
Signs: hypotension, tachycardia,
in Anaesthesia Causes ... Signs: hypotension ... decreased ETCO2 Symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs ... #management #cardiology
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
indicated, start CPR ... examination and vital signs ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
maintained fever CAUSES ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
High Central Neuraxial Block - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Can occur with deliberate or accidental
Consider other causes ... that may mimic signs ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
is unconscious, signs ... is conscious, symptoms ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
• Compensatory muscular ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk