40 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Stork test) • XR ... — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms ... criteria for MS
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... symptoms/signs, ... Glomus Tumors - Vascular ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Symptoms and Signs of Hypocalcemia
Muscular: Weakness, fatigue, Spasms, cramps
Neurologic: Tetany, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign, Circumoral and
Symptoms and Signs ... Spasms, cramps Neurologic ... Tetany, Chvostek sign ... , Trousseau sign ... #Signs #diagnosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
trabecular thinning -> Avascular ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
Criteria for Guillain ... , Mild sensory symptoms ... or signs, Cranial ... nervous system signs ... #criteria #neurology
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
skin thickening Signs ... and Symptoms: ... myositis overlap • Vascular ... Scleroderma #SSc #rheumatology ... #diagnosis #signs
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs ... of CXR congestion
BE-FAST Mnemonic for Stroke Recognition Signs

B - Balance: Loss of balance or coordination.
E - Eyes: Double,
Stroke Recognition Signs ... Ask to smile. ... if any of these symptoms ... Stroke #Screening #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Mnemonic
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... • Compensatory muscular ... pathophysiology #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk