25 results
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
Alzheimer - 1st cause ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... (parkinsonian signs ... Frontal atrophy Vascular ... #Diagnosis #Geriatrics
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... pathophysiology #geriatrics ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
trabecular thinning -> Avascular ... Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Causes: • Large ... lumbar spine Signs ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
Rapid, increasing signs ... extrapyramidal symptoms ... about 95% of NMS cases ... #Diagnosis #Serotonin ... NeurolepticMalignant #Comparison
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... injury, often from vascular ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Causes: • Vascular
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Vascular disorders ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... varying neurologic signs ... #differential #diagnosis
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... arrhythmia • Valvular ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
• Compensatory muscular ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk