14 results
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
trabecular thinning -> Avascular ... Myopathy (Also caused ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Focal areas of saccular ... retinal ischemia causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Glycosylation - AGE cause ... -> Peripheral vascular ... response and impaired vascular ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications
Causes of Bone/Joint Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Vaso-occlusive pain:
 • Mechanism: ischemic pain
 • Can present
Causes of Bone/Joint ... other orthopedic complications ... Avascular necrosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #hematology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... = nonspecific (nausea ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... Monitor and Treat Complications ... Liver #Pregnancy #hepatology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
narrowing and vascular ... hyalinization causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
considered in all cases ... coagulation and other causes ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #hematology #differential ... #diagnosis #vascular
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #hematology