55 results
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
trabecular thinning -> Avascular ... Myopathy (Also caused ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Focal areas of saccular ... retinal ischemia causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Glycosylation - AGE cause ... -> Peripheral vascular ... response and impaired vascular ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications
Type 2 Diabetes - Screening, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Lifestyle  Modifications (Diet and Exercise) -> Start
Type 2 Diabetes ... Reduces Risk of Complications ... • Presence of complications ... • Presence of vascular ... • Secondary Causes
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology ... Second most common cause ... due to retinal vascular ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... Obesity -> Type 2 diabetes ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Family history, ultrasound ... Nephronophthisis Vascular ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... hyperglycemic crises ... patients with diabetes ... Key signs/symptoms
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs