22 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... Signs and symptoms ... #diagnosis #management ... #neurology #treatment
Positive Hoffmann's sign (finger flexor reflex)

Flexion and adduction of the thumb and flexion of the index
Positive Hoffmann's sign ... #Hoffmanns #sign ... #clinical #hand ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology #sports
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
LMN signs in the ... LMN signs to determine ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... #Sclerosis #neurology ... #diagnosis #management
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
Clinical Findings ... Compression/injury of Lateral ... gait, strength, reflexes ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #signs #symptoms
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
and Management ... extrapulmonary cases Clinical ... Signs/Symptoms: ... years - May have signs ... numbness, decreased reflexes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
clinical findings ... diffuse light reflex ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
clinical findings ... clumsiness in hands ... rectal reflex. ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... neurological lesion: Clinical ... and signs below ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... #neurology #differential
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
clinical findings ... Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... of knee due to laterally ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk