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diagnosis hypokalemia potassium low pathophysiology syndrome urine alkalosis causes chloride defects epithelial hyponatremia hypotonic inherited kidney management metabolic physiologic tubule
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology Gitelman ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
ascending limb Gitelman ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... : Proximal and distal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Proximal RTA, Distal ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... of cells on the distal ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Proximal RTA • Distal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #potassium #differential ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
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