11 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... ANCA, ANA, Anti-GBM ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
neurocognitive disorders ... workup 1) Clinical ... body dementia - Visual ... (parkinsonian signs ... MNCD #Dementia #Differential
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Non-neuromuscular disorder ... lesions of the central ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... • Inflammatory disorders
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... - Differential ... neurological lesion: Clinical ... • Symptoms and signs ... #differential
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... virus • CMV • EBV ... • Common clinical ... Acute meningeal signs ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Sometimes history of viral ... Vascular disorders ... varying neurologic signs ... Vertigo #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of poor perfusion ... Signs of congestion ... forward flow to the kidneys ... #diagnosis #differential ... heartfailure #chf #criticalcare
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
in HIV / AIDS - Differential ... should be based on clinical ... Suspect in movement disorders ... effect/Edema • EBV ... CNS #Infections #differential
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Vasculitis - Differential ... purpura: Strong sign ... claudication, visual ... musculoskeletal systems • Kidneys ... Angiitis of the Central