44 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis ... Management • Distal ... type 2) RTA • Hyperkalemic ... Tubular #Acidosis #Diagnosis ... Management #nephrology #table
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Distal (classic) ... Hyperkalemia ... Generalized distal ... #differential #diagnosis
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... Usual maintenance ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #pharmacology #table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential Diagnosis ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization causes ... in conduction causes ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #Progression #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... : Proximal and distal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes
Findings in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Different Causes of Meningitis

#CSF #Fluid #Analysis #Interpretation #Meningitis #Normal #Bacterial #Viral
Fluid in Different Causes ... Normal #Bacterial #Viral ... #Comparison #Table ... #Diagnosis #Infection
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Deep coma (any cause ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
, Differential Diagnosis ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes