71 results
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... other hormonal causes ... for non-hormonal causes ... #Workup #Differential
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Paget's disease, Viral ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Workup
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... of hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #workup #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis ... Management • Distal ... type 2) RTA • Hyperkalemic ... Tubular #Acidosis #Diagnosis ... Management #nephrology #table
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Distal (classic) ... Hyperkalemia ... Generalized distal ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... NephTwitter) #Hypokalemia ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... Usual maintenance ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #pharmacology #table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential Diagnosis ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
and workup ... 1) Clinical diagnosis ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... body dementia - Visual ... Dementia - 2nd cause