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Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization; changes ... and ST segment may ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
desired serum K ... • Mechanism: Exchanges ... calcium for K; ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications ... Resins - Exchanges
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia
The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
Medications for ... because treatment may ... , changes on ECG ... Figure 3 is an algorithm ... , and Table 3 summarizes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Renal Epithelial Channels ... Nonspecific Cation Channel ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
this post will focus ... whose positive charges ... is dominated by K+ ... the ECF causes Hyperkalemia ... off a patients MAR
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... for hypokalemia ... Tubulopathy: urine K/ ... Other medications ... #differential #algorithm
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
- Allergies to medications ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Change in clinical ... if result will change ... stress testing may
HFpEF and CAD Management Algorithm
1. Consider revascularization based on current guidelines for CAD and HFpEF*
2. Statins:
CAD Management Algorithm ... controlled by above medications ... nitrates, calcium channel ... fluid status (hypervolemia ... may exacerbate