6282 results
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Differential Diagnosis ... Even with normal WBC ... counts may delay diagnosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... blasts and high WBC ... • Lab values: WBC ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Septic Arthritis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Notes:
- Septic Arthritis is typically monoarticular & the knee is involved
clarity, >50000 WBC ... SepticArthritis #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... if high risk if WBC ... opacities • Diagnosis ... • Differential Diagnosis ... QD until normal WBC
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Guillain-Barre Diagnosis ... - NORMAL CSF WBC ... Barre #Syndrome #diagnosis
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis ... pain, Fever, ↑WBC ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... Tetracyclines Diagnosis ... • Flex-Sig: If diagnostic
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Hyaline Cast - WBCs ... Granular Casts - WBC ... Cast - RBC Cast
Urinalysis Interpretation (UA)

Bacteria, Leukocyte esterase, WBC, Nitrite, RBC, Epithelial 
cells, pH

#Diagnosis #Urinalysis #Interpretation #Analysis
Leukocyte esterase, WBC ... , Nitrite, RBC, ... cells, pH #Diagnosis
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
and Differential Diagnosis ... dysmorphic RBC’s, RBC ... /WBC casts, proteinuria ... neck, prostatic) #Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
Pathophysiology ... - Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... environment #Pathophysiology