15 results
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Disease ... Agglutinin Syndrome ... Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... Blood smear - RBC ... #hematology #diagnosis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... agglutin disease ... • Intrinsic RBC ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Agglutination - Cold ... agglutinins disease ... hypertension • Unusual RBC ... acanthocytes - Consider RBC ... #workup #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Burr Cell RBC (Echinocyte ... Bite Cell RBC: G6PD ... Target Cell RBC ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #microscopy #atlas
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... 2) External (RBC ... Autoimmune: Warm AIHA, Cold ... 3) Internal (RBC ... Diagnosis #hematology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
, PBC, PSC, IgG4 ... • Bilirubin: RBC ... cardiac muscle, RBC ... • LDH: Heart, RBC ... #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
• Bilirubin: RBC ... cardiac muscle, RBC ... • LDH: Heart, RBC ... #differential # ... Hepatology #transaminitis
Liver Disease in Pregnancy
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP)
 • Onset/Trimester: 25-32 weeks
 • Typical clinical features:
necrosis HELLP Syndrome ... #Pregnancy #hepatology ... #obstetrics #hepatitis ... #comparison #differential ... #diagnosis #icp
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Diagnosis and Workup ... decreased PLT count: CBC ... gastric bypass), LFT ... , HBsAg/anti-HBc ... #Workup #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Orange or Hep C Clinical ... Lymphocytosis on CBC ... cells can indicate disease ... #workup #oncology ... #hematology