10 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... (carbonic anhydrase ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Angioedema - Classification Diagnosis and Treatment
Types of Angioedema:
 • Acute allergic angioedema - Usually occurs with
Angioedema - Classification ... Angioedema: • Acute ... dominant inherited disease ... dominant inherited disease ... Acute Angioedema
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... and chronic) Causes ... kidney disease ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... restrictive lung disease ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
rule out other causes ... over course of disease ... , GI bleeding, Diuretic ... Initiate empiric treatment ... Encephalopathy #Grading #Classification
Causes of Myoclonus - Differential Diagnosis
LOCALIZATION:
 • Cortical: Focal/multifocal: Distal UL+ Face, Action/sensitive induced
 • Sub-Cortical:
encephalopathies, CJD • Chronic ... : Storage disease ... degenerations, dementias ... malabsorbtion (celiac, whipple ... #neurology
Secondary Causes of Hyperlipidemia
Nunerous secondary causes of hyperlipidemia exist; screening for the presence of these underlying
Diabetes mellitus, Chronic ... Glycogen storage disease ... beta-blockers, diuretics ... Glucocorticoid treatment ... Anorexia nervosa, Acute
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... disease 2. ... per day until stable ... Loop diuretics for ... #treatment #nephrology