12 results
Mitral Stenosis and Left Atrial Thrombus on Echocardiogram (a4c)

Mitral stenosis is a risk factor for LA
Mitral Stenosis ... and Left Atrial ... (a4c) Mitral ... #Stenosis #Atrial ... #Thrombus #a4c
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... ball valve thrombus ... #stenosis #Causes
Severe Mitral Stenosis on Transesophageal Echocardiogram
Spontaneous contrast 'smoke' in the left atrium
AF + stasis = huge
Severe Mitral Stenosis ... 'smoke' in the left ... atrium AF + stasis ... = huge risk of thrombus ... Labeled "hockey
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Cardiac: - Atrial ... thrombus - atrial ... fibrillation - Left ... coagulation and other causes
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... risk factors Atrial ... atria, the size ... atrial thrombus ... atrial occlusion
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
Heart Disease - Mitral ... (5) Layered clot ... (7) patient in atrial ... clinical #cardiology #a4c ... #thrombus
Approach to the Hypotensive Patient - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hypotension

Blood Pressure = Heart Rate x
tachycardia • Atrial ... Contractility: • Left ... rupture • Acute mitral ... regurgitation • Aortic stenosis ... #causes #Hypotensive
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... - Most Common Cause ... Minor: • < 25% stenosis ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
(CVP) or right atrial ... diastole): lost in atrial ... to disorganized atrial ... tricuspid/pulmonic stenosis ... atrial pressures
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
disease: Most common cause ... stenosis - Infective ... annular plane into left ... atrium. ... #Differential #Diagnosis