9 results
Mitral Stenosis and Left Atrial Thrombus on Echocardiogram (a4c)

Mitral stenosis is a risk factor for LA
Mitral Stenosis ... and Left Atrial ... (a4c) Mitral ... #Stenosis #Atrial ... #Thrombus #a4c
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
(5) Layered clot ... (7) patient in atrial ... #Mitral #Stenosis ... clinical #cardiology #a4c ... #thrombus
Severe Mitral Stenosis on Transesophageal Echocardiogram
Spontaneous contrast 'smoke' in the left atrium
AF + stasis = huge
Severe Mitral Stenosis ... 'smoke' in the left ... atrium AF + stasis ... = huge risk of thrombus ... Labeled "hockey
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
stenosis Rheumatic ... vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... ball valve thrombus ... #diagnosis #differential
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... risk factors Atrial ... atria, the size ... atrial thrombus ... atrial occlusion
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
atrium on Echocardiogram ... (a4c) It belongs ... Mitral valve doesn ... t look typical rheumatic ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... Minor: • < 25% stenosis ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiomyopathy, rheumatic ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
regurgitation - Rheumatic ... stenosis - Infective ... annular plane into left ... atrium. ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Tropical Endomyocardial Fibrosis (EMF)
snrunken ventnoes
Hallmark chronic EMF features include:
 • Apical obliteration of the left and/or
obliteration of the left ... with overlying thrombus ... ventricles and marked atria ... muscles leading to mitral ... EMF #cardiology #diagnosis