22 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... urine can induce ... artery embolism • AVM ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... LiCl use The urine ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Pronation - C7, C8 Wrist ... Horner Syndrome Wrist ... drop - Occurs after ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... sensory #motor #arm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... albumin: For every drop ... Loss (Negative urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy Instructions
1) Spin fresh urine sample (10-15mL) in a centrifuge for 3-5 minutes - Don't
Urine Microscopy ... tube 3) Place one drop ... under lower power (casts ... If findings are ... #Instructions #nephrology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
general seizure caused ... Toxic and metabolic ... causes include ... Myoclonic Atonic (drop ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
, AM first or second ... presence of protein, blood ... tube • Add one drop ... lipids, add 3-5 drops ... to transfer one drop
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
arbitrarily defined as urine ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... because nephritic urine ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology