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diagnosis differential syndrome abnormal intravascular prolonged pt rheumatology treatment activation algorithm anemia bleeding blood bruising clinical comparison deficiencies deficiency dic
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) 1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Nonspecific inhibitors e.g ... to one factor e.g ... e.g. heparin ... inhibitory drugs e.g ... #differential #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
(e.g. heparin contamination ... inhibitory drugs (e.g ... specific inhibitor (e.g ... #differential #hematology ... #coagulation
Causes of Bleeding / Bruising - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Thrombocytopenia - Quantitative Defect • Decreased Production •
Causes of Bleeding ... Rare • Drugs (e.g ... • Vasculitis Coagulation ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology
Summary of Coagulation Deficiencies Inherited: • Hemophilia A - Deficiency of Factor VIII • Hemophilia B -
Malabsorption (e.g ... warfarin, DOACs (e.g ... Autoimmune disorders (e.g ... Deficiencies #Summary #table ... comparison #diagnosis #hematology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
Treat primary cause ... INR < 2.3 - APTT ... #diagnosis #causes ... #treatment #management ... #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
intravascular coagulation ... (usually IgG) (e.g ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... deficiencies (e.g ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup History: - Prior platelet count, family
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... : INR/PT, aPTT(liver ... function test, ANA (e.g ... or if a primary hematologic ... #Workup #hematology
Hemophilia - Diagnosis and Management Diagnosis: • Consistent bleeding history (unless screening for disease in family members
established disease) • aPTT ... mixing study (aPTT ... normal in mild cases ... hemophilia type (e.g ... #treatment #hematology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
underlying disease (eg ... • Infection (eg ... Hypofibrinogenemia • ↑ PT ↑ PTT ... Syndrome #Diagnosis #Management ... #Hematology #Rheumatology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... unless worrisome EKG ... TLS #diagnosis #management ... #hematology
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