33 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... injury, Early ALS ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
metastases, Infection (e.g ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... Treatment is aimed
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
cardiac syncope, e.g ... such as reflex ... orthostatic vital sign ... and an initial ECG ... The treatment strategy
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... #diagnosis #management
Eosinophil Disorders Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Peripheral blood eosinophilia/hypereosinophilia uncovered incidentally during medical evaluation or
neoplasms) • Screen also ... glucocorticoid treatment ... organ-specific signs ... or symptoms (eg ... #Differential #diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Presentation - Young ... syndromes such as ... Radiographic findings (eg ... Laboratory findings (eg ... VEP’s: EEG of visual
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... renal bruit or signs
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
search for warning signs ... electrocardiography (ECG ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... hypomagnesemia are also ... #Diagnosis #Hypokalemia
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Algorithm Reduced ... • Low EABV (e.g ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes