19 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... (HAGMA) - Differential ... underexcretion of acids ... in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... • Metabolic acidosis ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
, Pyroglutamic acid ... Renal acidosis ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Hypotension & Hypovolemia ... Anemia, Cardiac Arrest ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... PRIS), Valproic Acid ... liver Failure, Renal
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
NOT lactic acid ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... filtration - Renal ... blood flow and renal ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... perfusion - Cardiac arrest ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... and can act as ... #Elevation #Differential
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... Cystinuria - Amino acid ... tubular acidosis ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential