21 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... of hypokalemia ... #Differential # ... #workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
result of increased excretion ... the indicated causes ... result of increased excretion ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... metabolic acidosis ... may cause metabolic ... Hypochloremia #Differential ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... (correction of hypokalemia ... free cortisol excretion ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
• ↓ Renal K+ Excretion ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology