10 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications ... #druginduced
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Al, High R - Secondary ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Stevens Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - Causative Medications 
and Level of Suspicion 

High Risk:
Antigout:
of Suspicion High ... : allopurinol Antibiotics ... , piroxicam #Differential ... #Medications #DrugInduced ... #Causes #SJSTEN
DRESS-associated drugs

DRESS syndrome can be life threatening and it has a documented mortality rate of about
All kinds of drugs ... anticonvulsants and antibiotic ... Syndrome #DIHS #DrugInduced ... #Medications #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
to diarrhea, a high ... Urine chloride is high ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
1.6, low urine Cl ... < 0.7, high urine ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... hypokalemia #diagnosis #differential