14 results
The principal endocrine 'axes' and glands. Parathyroid glands, adrenal zona glomerulosa and endocrine pancreas are not
Parathyroid glands, adrenal ... controlled by the pituitary ... Endocrine #Axes #Endocrinology ... #Pathophysiology ... Pathways #Diagnosis #Pituitary
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Insufficiency - Pathophysiology ... Primary AI = adrenal ... Secondary AI = the pituitary ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pituitary Mass Effects ... masses of all sizes ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
production by the pituitary ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Congenital Adrenal ... Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs ... • Hypothalamic–Pituitary ... Hydroxylase #Deficiency #Signs ... Symptoms #diagnosis #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology ... #pituitary
Diagnosis Adrenal Insufficiency - Algorithm

Step 1) Screening Test: 6-8AM Cortisol Level
 - Early morning cortisol levels
Diagnosis Adrenal ... excludes AI in almost all ... . problem with pituitary ... gland) #Adrenal ... #Stimulation #Endocrinology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair Renal ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium #Renal
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-OHD in the adrenal ... as "congenital adrenal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Diarrhea • RENAL ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... gas transport, renal ... pressure: - Cl ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology