26 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... L-lactate - produced during ... with short bowel syndrome ... Acidosis #HAGMA #Differential ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Neuropathy - Foot drop ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
individuals or during ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Urinary #Casts #Differential ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
Peripheral Edema - Differential ... • SVC syndrome ... Bilateral • Protein-losing ... Peripheral #Edema #differential ... Lower #Extremity #PhysicalExam
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Crigler-Najjar syndrome ... , Rotor syndrome ... or mutation in genes ... coding for bile ... #unconjugated #differential
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... Wrist drop - Occurs ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... sensory #motor #arm #physicalexam
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... Immunosuppressive agents ... Reversible course Differential ... titratable parenteral agents ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Right Sided Foot Drop on Physical Exam, with Normal Comparison

Foot goes into inversion with big toe
Right Sided Foot Drop ... inversion with big toe going ... bobvarkey #Foot #Drop ... #PhysicalExam # ... clinical #video #neurology
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