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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
result in decreased lung ... - Lung cysts (LAM ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... Differential #Diagram #Comparison ... #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
Upper lung zone ... (centrilobular emphysema ... edema #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Differential #Table ... #Upper #Lower #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Centrilobular emphysema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... Cystic #Pattern #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Differential diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Nodular LCH:
- Sarcoidosis: perilymphatic distribution.
- Metastases: random distribution.
Cystic LCH:
- LAM: round
Centrilobular emphysema ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Differential #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
Centrilobular emphysema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... Cystic #Pattern #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Multiple masses
The differential diagnostic list of multiple masses is very long.
The most important diagnoses are listed
masses is very long ... listed in the table ... #Management #Radiology ... #Lung #Multiple ... #Differential #RadiologyAssistant
Mediastinal masses are discussed in more detail in Mediastinal masses.
Here is just a brief overview. #Diagnosis
#Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Differential #Table ... Anterior #Middle #Posterior ... #RadiologyAssistant
On the left three different patients with lung cysts.
From left to right: Lymphangiomyomatosis, LIP and Langerhans
patients with lung ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Radiology ... CTChest #Cystic #Comparison ... Histiocytosis #RadiologyAssistant
Radiologists use many terms to describe areas of decreased density or lucencies within the lung, like
lucencies within the lung ... pneumatocele, emphysema ... with a thin wall Emphysema ... #Differential #Table ... Pulmonary #Diagnosis #Radiology
Cavities frequently arise within a mass or an area of consolidation as a result of necrosis.
We
the surrounding lung ... associated pulmonary emphysema ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Cavity #Cyst #Emphysema ... #Comparison #RadiologyAssistant