215 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Regurgitation - Leaflet/Annulus ... cardiomyopathy • Endocarditis ... • Rupture • Endocarditis ... Right Ventricle/Annulus ... • Prolapse • Endocarditis
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
fever, Infective endocarditis ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... rupture • Mitral annulus ... leak, Infective endocarditis ... aneurysm • Mitral annulus
Infective Endocarditis - Indications for Surgery - "Fun-HEARTS" Mnemonic

Fungal endocarditis
Heart failure (valve dysfunction)
Enterococcus (VRE) endocarditis
Abscess, annular
Infective Endocarditis ... Mnemonic Fungal endocarditis ... Enterococcus (VRE) endocarditis ... Abscess, annular ... / pSeudomonas endocarditis
Mitral Valve Endocarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram
66 yo presents with petechiae to lower extremities. Pt had mitral
Mitral Valve Endocarditis ... the prosthetic annulus ... #MitralValve #Endocarditis
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... prolapse beyond the annular ... - Mitral annular ... malcoaptation and annulus ... MV annulus may be
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Endocarditis Summary ... Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ... tumor embolism Endocarditis ... : heart block, annular ... #Endocarditis
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Severe mitral annular ... disease Infective endocarditis
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Endocarditis - Overview ... Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ... : Heart block, annular ... prosthetic valve endocarditis ... #Endocarditis
Graphic representation of transthoracic echocardiographic parameters in the assessment of right ventricular pressure overload. A′ = peak late
velocity of tricuspid annulus ... velocity of tricuspid annulus ... velocity of tricuspid annulus ... TAPSE = tricuspid annular ... Decreased tricuspid annular
3T Cardiac MRI of Barlow's mitral valve disease demonstrating classic prolapse (thickened leaflets >5 mm), mitral
>5 mm), mitral annular ... of the mitral annulus