258 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Regurgitation - Leaflet/Annulus ... • Rupture • Endocarditis ... Right Ventricle/Annulus ... • Prolapse • Endocarditis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... rupture • Mitral annulus ... aneurysm • Mitral annulus ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... - Mitral annular ... malcoaptation and annulus ... MV annulus may be
HACEK is the acronym commonly used to describe and help doctors to remember a group of
which can also cause ... infective endocarditis ... is caused by HACEK ... More commonly endocarditis ... is caused by Alpha-haemolytic
Infective Endocarditis - Indications for Surgery - "Fun-HEARTS" Mnemonic

Fungal endocarditis
Heart failure (valve dysfunction)
Enterococcus (VRE) endocarditis
Abscess, annular
Infective Endocarditis ... Mnemonic Fungal endocarditis ... Enterococcus (VRE) endocarditis ... Abscess, annular ... / pSeudomonas endocarditis
Mitral Valve Endocarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram
66 yo presents with petechiae to lower extremities. Pt had mitral
Mitral Valve Endocarditis ... the prosthetic annulus ... #MitralValve #Endocarditis
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... - Most common cause ... Severe mitral annular ... parachute MV (caused ... disease Infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditis - etiology and sources of infection. 
 • Native and prosthetic 
valve endocarditis
 •
Infective endocarditis ... prosthetic valve endocarditis ... #Infective #Endocarditis ... #Sources #Causes
Causes of Nail Clubbing - Mnemonic 
Cyanotic Heart Disease, Cystic Fibrosis
Lung Cancer, Lung abscess 
Ulcerative Colitis
Causes of Nail Clubbing ... Mesothelioma Infective Endocarditis ... #Differential #Causes
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Endocarditis Summary ... positive in 90% of IE cases ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... : heart block, annular