687 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Regurgitation - Leaflet/Annulus ... Right Ventricle/Annulus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... prolapse beyond the annular ... - Mitral annular ... malcoaptation and annulus ... MV annulus may be
3T Cardiac MRI of Barlow's mitral valve disease demonstrating classic prolapse (thickened leaflets >5 mm), mitral
MRI of Barlow's mitral ... leaflets >5 mm), mitral ... annular dysjunction ... expansion of the mitral ... annulus, systolic
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... of Mitral Regurgitation ... annulus: Rheumatic ... annulus valve: ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy vs Constrictive Pericarditis
 - Mitral inflow
 - Tricuspid inflow
 - Hepatic vein flow
 -
Pericarditis - Mitral ... vein flow - Mitral ... annulus velocity
Causes of Diastolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Early Diastolic:
 • Aortic Regurgitation
 • Pulmonary Regurgitation (Graham-Steell
Causes of Diastolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Mid-Diastolic: • Mitral ... Diastolic: • Mitral ... #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... - Most common cause ... chordae Severe mitral ... annular calcification ... radiation #mitral
Causes of Cough and Hemoptysis
Acute Inflammation 
 - Laryngitis 
 - Tracheobronchitis 
 - Mycoplasma and
Causes of Cough ... Mycoplasma and Viral ... Ventricular Failure or Mitral ... , Chemicals, Gases ... #Differential #Causes
CHF - Left-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Valvular Disease (Preserved Diastolic/Systolic Function)
 • Mitral Stenosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Function) • Mitral ... Stenosis • Mitral ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Mitral valve prolapse and mitral annulus dysjunction on Echocardiogram
(important for arrhythmic risk stratification)

Ivan Stankovic, MD, PhD
Mitral valve prolapse ... and mitral annulus ... MitralValve #prolapse #annulus