350 results
Methylmalonic Acid and Homocysteine Levels in Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency
 • B12 Deficiency: MMA elevated,
Levels in Vitamin B12 ... Deficiency • B12 ... #Homocysteine #B12
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin B12 ... pylori infection, B12 ... BrighamChiefs #Vitamin #B12
Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
In the diet:
5-15 pg/day (min. 1-5)
B12
Protein
HC
pH t
B12
Duodenum
Stomach
1
B12
R-protein
Protein
From saliva
R-protein
Intrinsic factor
Pancreas
B12
R-Protein
Trypsin
B12
Terminal ileum
B12
IF
2
Specific binding to receptors of
Cobalamin (vitamin B12 ... day (min. 1-5) B12 ... Protein HC pH t B12 ... Terminal ileum B12 ... IF B12 pH >
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology

Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4+ T Cells, Autoantibodies -> x Parietal Cells, x HCL, x
Pathophysiology #b12
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... Etiology: • Vit B12 ... who don't take B12 ... - Low Vit B12 ... taleanski #Vitamin #B12
Etiologies of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
 • Inadequate intake - Rare but seen in very strict vegans
Etiologies of Vitamin B12 ... dissociated vitamin B12 ... develop vitamin B12 ... absorbing vitamin B12 ... with decreased B12
B-52 Chemical Sedation Cocktail in Severe Agitation
Ingredients:
 • Benadryl 50 mg (Diphenhydramine) +
 • 5 mg
prolonged QT #B52
Cardioselective Beta Blockers (B1) Mnemonic - MANBABE
M - Metoprolol 
A - Atenolol 
N - Nebivolol 
B
Beta Blockers (B1 ... #BetaBlockers #B1
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Acute Thiamine (B1 ... Encephalopathy #Thiamine #B1
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Encephalopathy - Acute B1 ... syndrome (chronic B1 ... Encephalopathy #B1