46 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Deficiency States ... B12 - Anaemia, ... #Deficiency #differential ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin ... B12 Deficiency ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... #B12 #Deficiency ... #Cobalamin #differential
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Folate - Macrocytic anemia ... • Vitamin B12 ... - Macrocytic anemia ... Minerals: • Iron - Anemia ... #differential #
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
Anemia - Underproduction ... anemia - Anemia ... kidney disease - Vitamin ... B12 and/or folate ... hematology #diagnosis #differential
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Pancytopenia - Differential ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis Nutritional ... consumption • Vitamin ... B12 • Folate deficiency
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sequestration:
 • Splenomegaly
Marrow Infiltration:
 • Hematologic and non-hematologic
Causes of Neutropenia ... Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... Myelodysplasia Nutritional ... deficiency: • ... B12/folate/combined
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
of macrocytic anemia ... elevated, but anemia ... B12 deficiency ... megaloblastic anemia ... Macrocytosis #Macrocytic #Anemia
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... , or folate deficiency ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... • Hemolytic anemia ... glycosylation • Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #anemia ... #nutrition