16 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Deficiency States ... B12 - Anaemia, ... #Deficiency #differential ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... #VitaminB12 #deficiency
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Approach - MCV) Low ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... Folate deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... ) Deficiency Etiology ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... #management #nutrition
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
Inhibited Pathway caused ... - Vitamin B12 ... B12 deficiency. ... The classic clinical ... of pernicious anemia
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... • Vitamin C deficiency ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... severe clinical ... deficiency (thiamine ... D deficiency ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
LOW RETIC INDEX - ↓ PRODUCTION
 • Vitamin
Causes of Anemia ... Diagnosis Framework LOW ... PRODUCTION • Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... Wilson's disease, DIC-low
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
C Deficiency) - ... Clinical Presentation ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... : • Vitamin C deficiency ... , or any other cause
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... and petechiae Causes ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... may result from low