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diagnosis differential hematology management symptoms algorithm rheumatology workup nephrology pathophysiology secondary dermatology hepatology oncology physicalexam systemic treatment abnormal cardiology chronic
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States Fat-soluble Vitamins: • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... - Coagulation disorder ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... differential #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
Causes of Anemia ... • Dietary Deficiency ... • Small Bowel Disorder ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV) Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic" • Iron deficiency
Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency, Folate ... deficiency • ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... malignancies • Anemia ... specifically: iron deficiency ... Chronic inflammatory disorders ... Myelodysplastic syndrome
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome ... is Korsakoff's syndrome ... and retrograde amnesia ... Encephalopathy #Korsakoff #Syndrome ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... Clinical Presentation ... Constitutional Syndromes ... marrow-failure syndromes ... myelodysplastic syndrome
Korsakoff Syndrome Clinical Findings: • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome ... Clinical Findings ... Therefore, Korsakoff Syndrome ... neudrawlogy #Korsakoff #Syndrome ... #neurology #diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Myelodysplastic syndromes ... are a group of disorders ... (CML) • Felty Syndrome ... Nutritional: vitamin B12
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... and Sjögren's syndrome
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