53 results
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
disease anemia ... Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Cell Agglutinate: Cold ... , Paroxysmal cold ... RBC #Morphology #differential
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Volume (MCV) - Differential ... • Dietary Deficiency ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... • Liver Disease
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... : • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Dizziness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"Tell me what you mean by dizzy without using the word dizzy."
Vertigo:
Dizziness - Differential ... neuropathy (DM, B12 ... Coordination/Strength: B12 ... Deficiency/Syphilis ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
chronic kidney disease ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Alcohol use, Liver disease ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... morphologic #mcv #differential
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... result in permanent neurologic ... HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... , Copper deficiency ... #differential #
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
of Low Vitamin B12 ... Levels Low vitamin B12 ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... , coeliac disease ... low #cobalamin #differential
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Weakness • Spinal Cord ... heavy metals), Critical ... : Acid maltase deficiency ... Weakness #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome ... Viral Infection Clinical ... of anemia include ... • hemolytic anemia ... younger pts) Differential